In this course, we will try to trace the ethnogenesis of Ukrainians, to prove the existence of a direct link between Kievan Rus and modern Ukraine. Was our mother's territory a historical periphery at that time? Where do ancient legends mix with facts? Seeking answers to these questions, we will travel from Neanderthals and nomads to the Commonwealth and the Union. That is, from the appearance of the first man on the territory of modern Ukraine until 1601. This course is for those who are not indifferent to the past of our state. The study material is suitable both for people who are just beginning to study history, and for those who are already aware and ready for discussion. Of course, our course in the history of Ukraine will be useful in teaching high school students, entrants preparing for external examinations, and students for whom historical disciplines are not relevant.